How does my Vacuum Cleaner Work?

You have probably already guessed this, but a vacuum cleaner operates on the basic principle of suction. This is all about pressure. For example, if you sip a drink through a straw, the pressure at the mouth end is reduced and the pressure at the drink end is increased, which makes the drink flow up the straw. This is a very simple example of suction at work.

A vacuum cleaner operates by the same principle, and is still relatively simple, although it can look a bit complicated if you pull one apart! A vacuum cleaner consists of six parts. Firstly the inlet, which is the point at which air along with dust and dirt is sucked into the vacuum cleaner. Most vacuums have a range of accessories that can be added to the inlet to make cleaning easier. Secondly, the vacuum needs an exhaust, which is a vent for all the air to exit the vacuum cleaner again. Some vacuums also have a blow mode, and the vent is used to suck in air for blowing.

Naturally, the vacuum also requires an electric motor to product suction, and a fan to keep the suction mechanism running. A vacuum cleaner also requires somewhere to collect the dust and debris, which can be either a porous bag or some form of removable cylinder. Finally, you need some sort of casing to form the outside of the vacuum cleaner. Not much to it, is there!

Once you turn on the electricity, the electric motor starts to rotate the fan. The fan's blades are angular, set at a specific angle. The blades push air towards the exhaust outlet. When this happens, the air pressure on the other side of the fan drops, which creates suction or a partial vacuum. This is filled by air rushing in through the inlet. Air always tries to move from high to low-pressure areas, so as long as the motor is running and the fan turns, the resulting vacuum will create suction through the inlet.

When you direct the inlet onto a carpet, the force of the suction pulls up any dirt or debris in the carpet, and it passes into the vacuum cleaner. For many years now vacuums have had porous bags, the idea being that the dirt-laden air passes into the porous bag. The dirt is trapped in there, but the air passes out to the exhaust vent. As long as the bag is changed or emptied regularly, the vacuum cleaner continues to function effectively. Nowadays there are also cylinder vacuums available. These work by passing the air through a maze of spiral pipes, causing a centrifugal force to exert itself on the dust particles. These then fall away from the moving air, and collect inside the removable cylinder.

Vacuum cleaners are a great time saver, and with modern developments such as wet/dry vacuums for cleaning up liquids, they can solve a number of household cleaning problems at once.
 
 
 
 

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